Network Infrastructure and Services

Communications Network Services (CNS) is a division of the Office of the Vice President for Information Technology, which provides ISP services including telephone and Internet to the university. Unlike most departments, CNS operates as an auxillary service, and therefore recieves funding through cost-recovery rather than university budgets. Individual departments and students must pay a per-port charge for each IP or phone device attached to the network.

Network Topology

In Blacksburg, CNS has redundant fiber uplinks from the Andrews Information Systems Building to Ashburn, Virginia and Atlanta, Georgia. The Mid-Atlantic Broadband Communities Corporation provides the dual OC-192 (10 Gigabit) connections to Ashburn and either OC-192 or OC-768 connections to Atlanta.

CNS's primary upstream routers are located in Equinix's Ashburn, Virginia datacenter. At Equinix, CNS has about 4 Gbps aggregate bandwidth for commodity Internet from Cogent, as well as, through the Mid Atlantic Terascale Partnership, connections to Network Virginia, National LambdaRail, and Internet2. They are also a member of the Mid-Atlantic Research Infrastructure Alliance, although it is unclear what role this alliance provides in providing connectivity.

In 2014, CNS added additional upstream routers in Telx's Atlanta, Georgia datacenter. This additional presence location improves network redundancy and is the first located outside of Virginia.

From the Andrews Information Systems Building, there are redundant fiber connections to the main campus at both Burruss Hall and Cassell Colliseum. Owens Hall, Hillcrest Hall, and Shanks Hall have intermediate routers for some buildings. Nearly all ethernet portals on campus are capable of 100 Mbps or Gigabit speeds, due to fiber interconnects between buildings; however, intrabuilding wiring varies in age and may not support high speeds. The vast majority of campus IPv4s come from two directly-allocated blocks (128.173.0.0/16 and 198.82.0.0/16).

CNS is a leader in the transition to IPv6, as their ASN consistently ranks in the top 5 in terms of percentage of IPv6 traffic, according to World IPv6 Launch Measurements. A dual-stack topology exists for the entirety of campus, but not all systems connected to the network are IPv6-enabled. One system that notably lacks connectivity is the main vt.edu website, which is due to a lack of support from the load balancers currently in use. For legacy reasons, Virginia Tech continues to use its /48 sub-allocation from the University of Maryland, instead of its assigned IPv6 block (2607:b400::/32). It is unknown when the new address space will begin to be used.

In December 2011, CNS announced that a contract had been awarded to IBM and Avaya for Unified Communications, a project to both replace the aging ROLM phone system with SIP phones and upgrade the network infrastructure in each building. This has also somewhat reduced monthly rates of common telephone and ethernet services for departments. While most buildings will be undergoing upgrades through 2014, it is unknown whether or not each will have full gigabit speeds at actual user ports. It is also unknown whether users will be able to use SIP softphones in conjunction with this.

Network Policies

Contrary to popular belief, CNS does not actively monitor users for torrenting activity; however, they are obligated to forward DMCA notifications to the relevant parties. Residential users that engage in peer-to-peer filesharing are often throttled (according to policy) if their daily upload average exceeds 4.9 GB. Campus-wide intrusion detection systems are deployed through cooperation with the IT Security Lab.

Port security is enabled on most ports, meaning that users are not permitted to attach a switch to the network and must pay for new connections for all devices. While the $20/month fee for gigabit connectivity is generally thought to be reasonable, many department networks require them to evade this restriction through the use of NAT routing, ARP proxies, and/or NDP proxies. For most public portals, MAC address registration is often required, although some department ports are known to not carry this restriction.

Controversies

In addition to the network policies stated above, the following controversial activities have arisen:

• CNS has begun deploying NAT to dorm buildings, starting with the Graduate Life Center, as it has done in the past with wireless access points.
• In January 2013, emergency maintenance was done at Virginia Tech's uplink in Ashburn, but users were not informed in advance of the potential downtime. This initially took out VT's edge IPv4 access for several hours, and later resulted in intermittent routing issues at the BGP level until the next morning.
• Like most administrative university offices, CNS is often regarded as having much bureaucracy. For example, the processes for obtaining SSL certificates or a DNS entry directly under "vt.edu" are especially tedious.
• CNS services such as VT-Wireless (the secure wireless network) require use of MS-CHAPv2, which is proven to be very insecure.